Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP)

Definition

Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) is a laboratory technique used to analyze the presence and concentration of specific proteins in a sample by combining electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. It helps in detecting antigen-antibody complexes by resolving proteins based on their size and charge, followed by their identification with specific antibodies.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. IEP involves two main steps: electrophoresis to separate proteins and immunodiffusion to detect them using antibodies.
2. It is commonly used for diagnosing monoclonal gammopathies, immunodeficiencies, and other protein abnormalities.
3. The technique requires a gel medium where the sample proteins migrate under an electric field before interacting with antibodies.
4. IEP can differentiate between similar proteins with distinct electrical charges and molecular weights.
5. The results are visualized as precipitation arcs where the antigens and antibodies meet, indicating the presence of specific immune complexes.

Review Questions

• What are the two main steps involved in immunoelectrophoresis?
• How does immunoelectrophoresis help in diagnosing protein abnormalities?
• What forms the visible result in an immunoelectrophoresis test?

Related terms

Electrophoresis: A technique used to separate charged molecules like DNA or proteins based on size and charge under an electric field.

Immunodiffusion: A method that detects antigen-antibody reactions through their diffusion in a gel medium.

Antigen-Antibody Complex: A complex formed when an antibody binds to its specific antigen, often used as a marker in diagnostic tests.