Hypothyroidism

Definition

Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland is underactive, producing insufficient amounts of thyroid hormone. This can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications, particularly affecting metabolism and energy levels.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hypothyroidism can be caused by autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland.
2. Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and depression due to reduced metabolic rate.
3. Diagnosis often involves measuring blood levels of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4).
4. Treatment typically includes daily use of synthetic thyroid hormone levothyroxine to normalize hormone levels.
5. Untreated hypothyroidism can lead to serious complications like myxedema coma, which is life-threatening.

Review Questions

• What are the common symptoms associated with hypothyroidism?
• How is hypothyroidism typically diagnosed?
• What autoimmune disease is commonly associated with causing hypothyroidism?

Related terms

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis:

An autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland leading to hypothyroidism.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): A pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4 hormones.

Levothyroxine: A synthetic form of thyroxine (T4) used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.