Hybridization

Definition

Hybridization is the process of forming a double-stranded nucleic acid from two complementary single strands of DNA or RNA. It is a fundamental technique in genetic engineering and molecular biology.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hybridization can occur between DNA-DNA, RNA-RNA, or DNA-RNA strands.
2. The process is essential for techniques such as Southern blotting and Northern blotting.
3. Stringency conditions like temperature and ionic strength impact hybridization efficiency and specificity.
4. Labeled probes are often used to detect specific sequences during hybridization experiments.
5. Mismatches in the sequence can reduce the stability of the hybridized molecules.

Review Questions

• What types of nucleic acids can participate in hybridization?
• How do stringency conditions affect hybridization outcomes?
• Why are labeled probes important in hybridization experiments?

Related terms

Southern Blotting:

A method for detecting specific DNA sequences by hybridizing a labeled probe to DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis.

Northern Blotting:

A technique similar to Southern blotting but used for detecting specific RNA sequences.

Probe: A labeled single-stranded nucleic acid used to detect complementary sequences through hybridization.