Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA)

Definition

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is a bacterial infection caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum. It primarily targets neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, and can lead to flu-like symptoms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. HGA is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Ixodes ticks, also known as black-legged or deer ticks.
2. Symptoms of HGA include fever, headache, muscle aches, and sometimes complications such as respiratory issues or neurological problems.
3. The bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects and replicates within neutrophils, interfering with their normal function.
4. Diagnosis of HGA often involves blood tests including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and serological tests to detect antibodies.
5. Treatment for HGA typically involves antibiotics such as doxycycline, which is effective if administered early in the course of the disease.

Review Questions

Related terms

Anaplasma phagocytophilum:

A bacterium that causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis by infecting neutrophils.

Ixodes ticks: Ticks that serve as vectors for diseases like Lyme disease and human granulocytic anaplasmosis.

Doxycycline:

An antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial infections including those caused by tick-borne pathogens like Anaplasma phagocytophilum.