HIV infection

Definition

HIV infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, which attacks and weakens the immune system, specifically targeting CD4+ T cells. If untreated, it can progress to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), a severe condition where the immune system is heavily compromised.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. HIV primarily targets and destroys CD4+ T cells, leading to immunodeficiency.
2. Transmission of HIV occurs through bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.
3. The progression of HIV infection can be categorized into three stages: acute infection, clinical latency, and AIDS.
4. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is used to manage HIV infection by reducing viral load and improving immune function.
5. HIV can be diagnosed through various tests including ELISA, Western blot, and PCR for detecting viral RNA.

Review Questions

Related terms

CD4+ T Cells: A type of white blood cell that plays a significant role in the immune system by helping coordinate the body's response to infections.

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART):

A treatment regimen using medications to prevent the replication of HIV within the body.

AIDS:

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; an advanced stage of HIV infection characterized by a severely weakened immune system.