Histoplasmosis

Definition

Histoplasmosis is a respiratory infection caused by the inhalation of spores from the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. It primarily affects the lungs but can disseminate to other organs in immunocompromised individuals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Histoplasmosis is endemic to areas with high bird or bat droppings, like the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys.
2. The disease can present as acute, chronic, or disseminated based on the immune status of the host and spore exposure level.
3. Diagnosing histoplasmosis often involves fungal culture, histopathology, and antigen detection tests.
4. Itraconazole is commonly used for treatment, although severe cases may require amphotericin B.
5. Prevention includes avoiding activities that disturb contaminated soil or materials harboring bird or bat droppings.

Review Questions

• What are the primary environmental reservoirs for Histoplasma capsulatum?
• Which antifungal drugs are typically prescribed for treating histoplasmosis?
• How does histoplasmosis primarily affect immunocompromised individuals differently?

Related terms

Antifungal Drugs: Medications used to treat fungal infections by inhibiting fungal cell processes.

Aspergillosis:

A respiratory infection caused by Aspergillus species, affecting both immunocompromised and healthy individuals.

Coccidioidomycosis:

A fungal disease also known as Valley fever, caused by Coccidioides species and prevalent in arid regions.