Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Definition

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a viral pathogen that causes infections in the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes. There are two main types: HSV-1, associated with oral herpes, and HSV-2, primarily responsible for genital herpes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. HSV-1 typically causes cold sores around the mouth and is highly contagious through direct contact.
2. HSV-2 is mainly transmitted through sexual contact and leads to genital herpes.
3. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can cause herpetic keratitis, an infection of the cornea that can lead to blindness if untreated.
4. After initial infection, HSV can remain latent in nerve cells and reactivate later, causing recurrent symptoms.
5. Diagnosis of HSV infections often involves PCR testing or viral culture from lesion samples.

Review Questions

• What are the primary differences between HSV-1 and HSV-2?
• How does HSV remain in the body after initial infection?
• What are common diagnostic methods for detecting an HSV infection?

Related terms

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV): A virus related to HSV that causes chickenpox and shingles.

Herpetic Whitlow: A painful infection on the fingers caused by herpes simplex virus.

Keratitis:

An inflammation of the cornea that can be caused by various pathogens including HSV.