Hepatocytes

Definition

Hepatocytes are the main functional cells of the liver, responsible for a wide range of metabolic, detoxification, and synthetic activities. They play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and are a primary target during viral infections affecting the liver.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hepatocytes are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
2. These cells produce bile, which is essential for digestion and absorption of fats.
3. During viral infections like Hepatitis B and C, hepatocytes can be damaged or destroyed.
4. Hepatocytes have a high regenerative capacity but chronic infection can lead to fibrosis or cirrhosis.
5. Markers such as ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) are used to assess hepatocyte damage.

Review Questions

• What primary functions do hepatocytes perform in the liver?
• How are hepatocytes affected during viral hepatitis infections?
• Which markers are commonly used to evaluate hepatocyte damage?

Related terms

Bile: A digestive fluid produced by hepatocytes that aids in the emulsification of fats.

Cirrhosis: A chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of healthy liver tissue with scar tissue.

ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase): An enzyme found in hepatocytes that is released into the bloodstream when liver cells are damaged.