Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Definition

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a serious condition characterized by the destruction of red blood cells, leading to kidney failure. It is often caused by infection with Shiga toxin-producing bacteria, such as Escherichia coli O157:H7.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. HUS commonly follows gastrointestinal infection with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli.
2. The syndrome primarily affects children under 5 years old but can occur at any age.
3. Symptoms include bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and reduced urine output.
4. Genetic diversity in bacteria like E. coli contributes to the emergence of virulent strains capable of producing Shiga toxins.
5. Antibiotic treatment for infections causing HUS can sometimes worsen the condition by increasing toxin release.

Review Questions

• What bacterial infection is most commonly associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome?
• Which age group is most commonly affected by HUS?
• How does genetic diversity in bacteria contribute to the emergence of diseases like HUS?

Related terms

Shiga Toxin: A potent toxin produced by certain strains of E. coli that can cause severe illness including HUS.

Escherichia coli (E. coli): A type of bacteria found in the intestines that can be harmless or pathogenic, depending on the strain.

Genetic Recombination:

A process that increases genetic diversity in bacteria through mechanisms like transformation, transduction, and conjugation.