Hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR)

Definition

A hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) is an adverse response to the transfusion of incompatible red blood cells, leading to the destruction of the donor cells by the recipient's immune system. It can cause severe symptoms, including fever, chills, and hemoglobinuria.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. HTRs are primarily caused by ABO or Rh blood group incompatibility.
2. Acute HTRs can occur within minutes to hours after transfusion and are potentially life-threatening.
3. Symptoms of HTR include back pain, dark urine, flank pain, and jaundice.
4. Delayed HTRs may occur days to weeks post-transfusion due to a secondary immune response.
5. Laboratory tests for diagnosing HTR include direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and plasma free hemoglobin levels.

Related terms

Hypersensitivity:

An exaggerated immune response to a foreign substance.

Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT): A test that detects antibodies attached to red blood cells.

Rh Incompatibility: A condition where an Rh-negative individual reacts against Rh-positive blood cells.