Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

Definition

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is an immune-mediated condition where maternal antibodies target fetal red blood cells, leading to hemolysis. It typically occurs when there is an incompatibility between the mother's and baby's Rh blood types.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. HDN most commonly arises due to Rh incompatibility between a Rh-negative mother and a Rh-positive fetus.
2. The mother's immune system produces anti-Rh antibodies after being sensitized to Rh-positive blood, often during a previous pregnancy or transfusion.
3. These maternal antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells, causing anemia in the fetus.
4. Symptoms of HDN in newborns include jaundice, edema, and severe anemia which can be fatal if untreated.
5. Prophylactic treatment with Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) can prevent maternal sensitization to Rh-positive blood.

Review Questions

Related terms

Erythroblastosis Fetalis: A severe form of HDN characterized by extreme anemia and organ enlargement.

Rh Factor:

An antigen present on red blood cells that can trigger an immune response in individuals who lack it.

Rho(D) Immune Globulin: A medication used to prevent Rh immunization in mothers who are Rh-negative.