Halogens

Definition

Halogens are a group of elements in the periodic table, including fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. They are commonly used as disinfectants and antiseptics due to their ability to kill or inhibit microbial growth.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Halogens like chlorine and iodine are widely used in water treatment to control microbial contamination.
2. Iodine is often used in medical settings for skin disinfection before surgery.
3. Chlorine bleach is a common household disinfectant that kills bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
4. Halogens exert their antimicrobial effects by denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes of microorganisms.
5. Overuse of halogen-based disinfectants can lead to the development of resistant strains of microorganisms.

Review Questions

• What are two common uses of halogens in controlling microbial growth?
• How do halogens kill or inhibit microorganisms?
• Why is it important to avoid overusing halogen-based disinfectants?

Related terms

Disinfectant: A chemical agent used to destroy or inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms on surfaces.

Antiseptic: A substance that prevents infection by inhibiting the growth of infectious agents on living tissue.

Microbial Resistance: The ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of an antimicrobial agent that once could successfully treat the microbe.