H1N1 influenza

Definition

H1N1 influenza is a subtype of the influenza A virus known for causing respiratory infections in humans. It was responsible for the 2009 global pandemic, often referred to as 'swine flu.'

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. H1N1 influenza is an RNA virus belonging to the Orthomyxoviridae family.
2. The virus has two major surface proteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N).
3. It can undergo antigenic shift and drift, leading to new strains that may evade immune detection.
4. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
5. Vaccination is available and recommended to prevent H1N1 influenza infection.

Review Questions

• What family does H1N1 influenza belong to?
• How does H1N1 influenza primarily spread among humans?
• What are the two major surface proteins of the H1N1 influenza virus?

Related terms

Antigenic Shift:

A process by which two or more different strains of a virus combine to form a new subtype with a mixture of surface antigens.

Orthomyxoviridae:

A family of RNA viruses that includes Influenza A, B, and C viruses.

Hemagglutinin:

A glycoprotein found on the surface of influenza viruses that allows them to bind and enter host cells.