Granzyme

Definition

Granzymes are serine proteases released by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. They induce apoptosis in target cells to eliminate infected or cancerous cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Granzymes enter target cells via perforin-formed pores.
2. Granzyme B is the most well-studied granzyme and is crucial for inducing apoptosis.
3. They play a significant role in immune surveillance against tumors and virally infected cells.
4. Granzymes can activate caspases, which are essential for the apoptotic process.
5. Deficient granzyme activity can lead to impaired immune responses and increased susceptibility to infections.

Related terms

Perforin:

A protein that forms pores in the membranes of target cells, allowing granzymes to enter.

Apoptosis:

A form of programmed cell death crucial for eliminating damaged or harmful cells.

Cytotoxic T Cells:

Immune cells that kill cancerous or infected cells by releasing granzymes and perforin.