Glycopeptides are a class of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to peptidoglycan precursors. They are particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria.
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Glycopeptides, such as vancomycin and teicoplanin, are often used to treat severe infections caused by multi-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA.
They work by inhibiting the transglycosylation step in peptidoglycan synthesis, preventing the formation of strong bacterial cell walls.
Glycopeptide antibiotics are not effective against Gram-negative bacteria due to their inability to penetrate the outer membrane.
Resistance to glycopeptides can occur through the alteration of target sites or increased production of peptidoglycan precursors by bacteria.
Common side effects of glycopeptides include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, requiring careful monitoring during treatment.
Review Questions
What is the primary mechanism of action for glycopeptide antibiotics?
Why are glycopeptides generally ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria?
Name two significant adverse effects associated with glycopeptide use.