Glycopeptides

Definition

Glycopeptides are a class of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to peptidoglycan precursors. They are particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Glycopeptides, such as vancomycin and teicoplanin, are often used to treat severe infections caused by multi-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA.
2. They work by inhibiting the transglycosylation step in peptidoglycan synthesis, preventing the formation of strong bacterial cell walls.
3. Glycopeptide antibiotics are not effective against Gram-negative bacteria due to their inability to penetrate the outer membrane.
4. Resistance to glycopeptides can occur through the alteration of target sites or increased production of peptidoglycan precursors by bacteria.
5. Common side effects of glycopeptides include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, requiring careful monitoring during treatment.

Review Questions

Related terms

Vancomycin:

A commonly used glycopeptide antibiotic effective against Gram-positive bacteria.

MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus): A type of staph bacteria resistant to several common antibiotics including methicillin.

Peptidoglycan:

A polymer that forms a protective structural layer in bacterial cell walls.