Free ribosomes

Definition

Free ribosomes are cellular structures found in the cytosol that synthesize proteins needed within the cell itself. They are not attached to any membrane and function independently.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Free ribosomes primarily produce proteins that will be used within the cell.
2. They are found floating in the cytosol, unlike bound ribosomes which are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
3. Free ribosomes consist of two subunits: a large subunit and a small subunit.
4. They translate mRNA into polypeptide chains through a process called translation.
5. Eukaryotic cells contain numerous free ribosomes, highlighting their essential role in cellular function.

Review Questions

• What is the primary role of free ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?
• How do free ribosomes differ from bound ribosomes in terms of location and function?
• What are the two main components of a free ribosome?

Related terms

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis; it includes rough ER with bound ribosomes and smooth ER without.

mRNA (messenger RNA): A type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Polypeptide Chain: A sequence of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, forming part of or an entire protein.