Flagella

Definition

Flagella are long, whip-like structures that protrude from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They are primarily used for locomotion and can also serve sensory functions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Flagella are composed of a protein called flagellin in prokaryotes and tubulin in eukaryotes.
2. Prokaryotic flagella rotate like a propeller, while eukaryotic flagella have a whip-like motion.
3. The arrangement and number of flagella can be used to classify bacteria (e.g., monotrichous, lophotrichous, amphitrichous, peritrichous).
4. Flagella play a crucial role in bacterial pathogenicity by aiding in motility and colonization of host tissues.
5. Eukaryotic microorganisms such as protozoa also use flagella for movement through their environment.

Review Questions

Related terms

Cilia:

Short, hair-like structures on the cell surface that move fluid past the cell or move the cell itself.

Pili:

Hair-like appendages found on the surface of many bacteria that are used for attachment to surfaces or other cells.

Axoneme: The central strand of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum, typically composed of microtubules arranged in a specific pattern.