Fever

Definition

Fever is an elevated body temperature that occurs as part of the body's immune response to infection or inflammation. It acts as a defense mechanism to inhibit the growth of pathogens and enhance immune function.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Fever is typically regulated by the hypothalamus in response to pyrogens.
2. Endogenous pyrogens like cytokines (e.g., IL-1, TNF-alpha) are produced by the body's immune cells.
3. Exogenous pyrogens, such as bacterial toxins, can trigger fever indirectly by causing the release of endogenous pyrogens.
4. Moderate fever can enhance the activity of certain immune cells, including neutrophils and macrophages.
5. Persistent high fever can be harmful and may require medical intervention to prevent damage to bodily tissues.

Review Questions

• What role does the hypothalamus play in regulating fever?
• How do endogenous and exogenous pyrogens differ?
• Why might moderate fever be beneficial during an infection?

Related terms

Pyrogen: A substance, typically produced by bacteria, that induces fever.

Cytokine: Small proteins released by cells that have a specific effect on cell-to-cell communication and immune responses.

Hypothalamus: A region of the brain responsible for regulating various bodily functions, including temperature control.