Fatty acids

Definition

Fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl group at one end. They play crucial roles in energy storage, membrane structure, and signaling within microbial cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Fatty acids are key components of lipids, such as triglycerides and phospholipids, which form microbial cell membranes.
2. Microorganisms can catabolize fatty acids through beta-oxidation to produce acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle for energy production.
3. Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon chain, affecting membrane fluidity.
4. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds, making them more rigid and solid at room temperature.
5. Certain bacteria can synthesize essential fatty acids that are not produced by humans, highlighting their metabolic versatility.

Review Questions

• What role do fatty acids play in microbial cell membranes?
• Describe the process of beta-oxidation in fatty acid catabolism.
• How do unsaturated and saturated fatty acids differ in their chemical structure and physical properties?

Related terms

Triglycerides: Lipids formed by one glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids; serve as energy storage molecules.

Beta-Oxidation: Metabolic pathway where fatty acids are broken down into acetyl-CoA units for energy production.

Phospholipids: A class of lipids with two fatty acid tails and a phosphate group; fundamental components of cell membranes.