Exoenzyme

Definition

Exoenzymes are enzymes secreted by microorganisms into their surrounding environment. These enzymes play crucial roles in breaking down complex molecules, aiding in nutrient acquisition, and contributing to pathogenicity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Exoenzymes are often linked to a pathogen's ability to invade host tissues.
2. Common examples of exoenzymes include proteases, lipases, and nucleases.
3. They can degrade host cell membranes and extracellular matrix components, facilitating microbial spread.
4. Certain bacteria use exoenzymes to evade the host's immune response by degrading antibodies or complement proteins.
5. Exoenzyme production can be regulated by environmental factors such as nutrient availability.

Review Questions

• How do exoenzymes contribute to the pathogenicity of bacterial pathogens?
• Name three types of molecules that exoenzymes typically break down.
• What role do environmental conditions play in the regulation of exoenzyme production?

Related terms

Endoenzyme: Enzymes that function within the cell where they are produced.

Virulence Factor: Molecules produced by pathogens that contribute to their ability to cause disease.

Pathogenicity: The ability of an organism to cause disease in a host.