Enterocytes

Definition

Enterocytes are specialized epithelial cells lining the small intestine, responsible for nutrient absorption and barrier function. They play a crucial role in maintaining gut health and immune responses.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Enterocytes have microvilli on their surface, increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption.
2. They secrete digestive enzymes that aid in the breakdown of nutrients.
3. Enterocytes form tight junctions to maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier.
4. They can present antigens to immune cells, playing a role in gut immunity.
5. Damage to enterocytes can lead to conditions like malabsorption syndromes and infections.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of enterocytes in the digestive system?
• How do microvilli on enterocytes contribute to their function?
• What role do enterocytes play in gut immunity?

Related terms

Microvilli: Finger-like projections on enterocytes that increase surface area for absorption.

Tight Junctions:

Structures between enterocytes that prevent leakage of substances from the gut lumen.

Antigen Presentation:

The process by which cells display antigens on their surface, allowing recognition by immune cells.