Electrochemical gradient

Definition

An electrochemical gradient is a difference in the concentration of ions across a membrane, coupled with a difference in electric charge. It is essential for processes like ATP synthesis during photosynthesis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Electrochemical gradients are created by the movement of protons (H+) across membranes.
2. The proton-motive force generated by the gradient drives ATP synthesis in chloroplasts.
3. Chlorophyll and other pigments help generate an electrochemical gradient during photosynthesis.
4. The thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts is where the electrochemical gradient is established.
5. Disruption of the electrochemical gradient can inhibit ATP production and affect cellular energy levels.

Review Questions

Related terms

Proton-Motive Force: The force generated by the transmembrane proton concentration gradient.

Thylakoid Membrane: The site within chloroplasts where light-dependent reactions occur and an electrochemical gradient is formed.

ATP Synthase:

An enzyme that uses the energy from an electrochemical gradient to synthesize ATP.