Diabetes mellitus

Definition

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It can lead to various complications affecting multiple body systems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
2. Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus can impair immune function, making individuals more susceptible to infections.
3. Diabetics have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases due to immune system-related inflammatory processes.
4. In Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance plays a crucial role and is often associated with obesity and physical inactivity.
5. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formed due to high blood sugar levels contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation, exacerbating immune dysfunction.

Review Questions

• What is the primary difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus?
• How does chronic hyperglycemia affect the immune system in individuals with diabetes?
• Why are diabetics at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases?

Related terms

Autoimmune Disease: A condition arising from an abnormal immune response against normal body tissues.

Insulin Resistance: A state where body cells do not respond properly to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels.

Hyperglycemia: An abnormally high level of glucose in the blood, commonly associated with diabetes mellitus.