Cytolethal distending toxin

Definition

Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is a bacterial toxin that induces cell cycle arrest and distension in host cells, leading to cell death. It is produced by several pathogenic bacteria, including some strains of Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. CDT targets the DNA of host cells, causing double-strand breaks.
2. The toxin consists of three subunits: CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC.
3. CdtB has DNase activity and is responsible for the DNA damage.
4. CDT can lead to severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and cramping.
5. Infections involving CDT-producing bacteria are often associated with foodborne illnesses.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism by which cytolethal distending toxin affects host cells?
• Which subunit of CDT has DNase activity?
• Name two bacterial species that produce cytolethal distending toxin.

Related terms

Escherichia coli: A type of bacteria commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals; some strains can cause serious food poisoning.

Campylobacter jejuni: A bacterium that is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide.

DNase: An enzyme that cleaves DNA molecules by hydrolyzing phosphodiester bonds.