Competitive exclusion

Definition

Competitive exclusion is the principle that two species competing for the same limited resources cannot coexist at constant population values. In microbiology, it often refers to beneficial microbes outcompeting pathogenic ones in a particular environment.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In the digestive system, competitive exclusion helps maintain a healthy balance of gut microbiota by preventing pathogenic bacteria from colonizing.
2. Probiotics are an example of using competitive exclusion to support digestive health by introducing beneficial bacteria.
3. Antibiotic use can disrupt competitive exclusion by killing beneficial bacteria, allowing pathogenic bacteria to flourish.
4. Competitive exclusion is crucial in preventing infections such as Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea by maintaining microbial balance.
5. The concept of competitive exclusion underscores the importance of diet and prebiotics in supporting a diverse and stable gut microbiome.

Review Questions

Related terms

Microbiota:

The community of microorganisms living in a particular environment, such as the gut.

Probiotics:

Live beneficial bacteria that are introduced into the body for their positive health effects.

Prebiotics:

Non-digestible food ingredients that promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the intestines.