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Cocci are spherical or oval-shaped bacteria. They can exist as single cells, in pairs, chains, or clusters.
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Bacilli: Rod-shaped bacteria that can be either Gram-positive or Gram-negative.
Peptidoglycan: A polymer that forms a protective layer making up the cell wall of most bacteria.
Gram Staining: A method used to differentiate bacterial species into Gram-positive and Gram-negative groups based on their cell wall composition.