Clostridium perfringens

Definition

Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium commonly found in soil, decaying vegetation, and the intestines of humans and animals. It is known for causing gas gangrene and food poisoning.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Clostridium perfringens produces toxins that lead to tissue necrosis and gas formation in infected wounds.
2. It grows optimally in anaerobic conditions but can form spores to survive in oxygen-rich environments.
3. C. perfringens is a major cause of foodborne illness due to its ability to produce enterotoxins during sporulation.
4. The bacterium's alpha toxin (phospholipase C) is a key virulence factor responsible for hemolysis and tissue destruction.
5. Infections caused by C. perfringens can be severe, leading to rapid progression of gas gangrene with high mortality if untreated.

Review Questions

• What environmental conditions favor the growth of Clostridium perfringens?
• What type of infections are commonly associated with Clostridium perfringens?
• Which toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens is primarily responsible for its virulence?

Related terms

Gas Gangrene: A severe infection caused by Clostridium species characterized by tissue necrosis, gas production, and systemic toxicity.

Anaerobe: An organism that grows without air or requires oxygen-free conditions to live.

Enterotoxin: A toxin produced in or affecting the intestines, such as those causing food poisoning or cholera.