Clostridium botulinum

Definition

Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium known for producing the neurotoxin botulinum. This toxin causes botulism, a severe and potentially fatal illness.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Clostridium botulinum can form heat-resistant endospores that survive in harsh conditions.
2. Botulinum toxin inhibits neurotransmitter release, leading to muscle paralysis.
3. The bacterium thrives in low-oxygen environments such as canned foods if not processed correctly.
4. There are seven types of botulinum neurotoxins (A-G), with types A, B, E, and F causing human illness.
5. Genetic diversity in Clostridium botulinum is achieved through horizontal gene transfer and mutation.

Review Questions

• What type of environment does Clostridium botulinum thrive in?
• How does the botulinum toxin affect the human body?
• What mechanisms contribute to genetic diversity in Clostridium botulinum?

Related terms

Endospore:

A resistant asexual spore that develops inside some bacteria cells.

Neurotoxin: A poison that acts on the nervous system.

Horizontal Gene Transfer:

The movement of genetic material between organisms other than by the vertical transmission of DNA from parent to offspring.