Cephalosporins

Definition

Cephalosporins are a class of β-lactam antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis and are used to treat a wide range of infections. They are structurally and functionally similar to penicillins but are often more resistant to β-lactamases.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cephalosporins are divided into five generations, each with varying spectra of antibacterial activity.
2. They are commonly used to treat infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, skin infections, and meningitis.
3. Cephalosporins work by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in bacteria, disrupting cell wall synthesis and leading to cell lysis.
4. Resistance to cephalosporins can occur through the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) by bacteria.
5. Adverse effects can include allergic reactions, gastrointestinal disturbances, and potential nephrotoxicity.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism by which cephalosporins exert their antibacterial effects?
• How do bacteria typically develop resistance to cephalosporins?
• Name at least two types of infections that cephalosporins are commonly used to treat.

Related terms

Penicillins:

A group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that also target bacterial cell wall synthesis.

β-lactamase: An enzyme produced by certain bacteria that breaks down β-lactam antibiotics, rendering them ineffective.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs): Enzymes produced by some bacteria that confer resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics, including cephalosporins.