Carbapenemases

Definition

Carbapenemases are enzymes produced by certain bacteria that hydrolyze carbapenem antibiotics, rendering them ineffective. These enzymes contribute significantly to antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Carbapenemases can be encoded either chromosomally or on plasmids, which facilitates their spread between bacteria.
2. There are several types of carbapenemases, including KPC (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase), NDM (New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase), and VIM (Verona integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase).
3. Infections caused by carbapenemase-producing organisms are often difficult to treat due to limited effective antibiotic options.
4. Detection of carbapenemases in clinical settings is critical for infection control and appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
5. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a major public health concern due to the production of carbapenemases.

Related terms

Beta-lactamase: Enzymes that break down beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins and cephalosporins.

Antimicrobial Resistance:

The ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of drugs that once killed them or inhibited their growth.

Plasmid:

A genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of chromosomes, often carrying genes for antibiotic resistance.