Bioremediation

Definition

Bioremediation is the process of using microorganisms to degrade or detoxify pollutants from the environment. It leverages natural microbial metabolic processes to clean up contaminated sites.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bioremediation relies on bacteria, fungi, or plants to neutralize contaminants like heavy metals, oil spills, and pesticides.
2. The effectiveness of bioremediation depends on environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and nutrient availability.
3. There are two main types: in situ (treatment at the site) and ex situ (removal of contaminants for treatment elsewhere).
4. Microorganisms used in bioremediation can be naturally occurring or genetically engineered for enhanced performance.
5. Key metabolic pathways involved include aerobic respiration, anaerobic digestion, and co-metabolism.

Review Questions

• What are the primary factors that influence the effectiveness of bioremediation?
• Explain the difference between in situ and ex situ bioremediation.
• Which types of microorganisms are typically used in bioremediation, and why?

Related terms

Bioaugmentation: The addition of specific strains of bacteria to accelerate biodegradation.

Biostimulation: The modification of environmental conditions to stimulate existing bacteria capable of bioremediation.

Phytoremediation: The use of plants to absorb, sequester, and detoxify pollutants from soil and water.