Bacterial transformation

Definition

Bacterial transformation is the process by which bacteria take up foreign DNA from their environment. This can result in genetic changes and the acquisition of new traits.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Discovered by Frederick Griffith in 1928 through experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae.
2. Involves the uptake of naked DNA from the surroundings, typically facilitated by a state of competence in bacteria.
3. Plays a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer, contributing to genetic diversity and evolution among bacterial populations.
4. Often used in biotechnology for cloning and recombinant DNA technology to insert new genes into bacterial genomes.
5. Requires specific conditions such as calcium chloride treatment or electroporation to increase cell membrane permeability.

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Related terms

Horizontal Gene Transfer:

The movement of genetic material between organisms other than through vertical transmission (from parent to offspring).

Competence: A state in which bacteria can take up exogenous DNA from their environment.

Electroporation:

A technique used to introduce DNA into cells by applying an electrical field to increase cell membrane permeability.