Bacillus subtilis

Definition

Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants. It is known for its ability to form a tough, protective endospore, allowing it to tolerate extreme environmental conditions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bacillus subtilis is widely used as a model organism for studying bacterial chromosome replication and cell differentiation.
2. It produces several antibiotics such as bacitracin which are effective against other Gram-positive bacteria.
3. The bacterium is capable of forming biofilms, which provide increased resistance to antimicrobial agents.
4. Bacillus subtilis can sporulate, a process where it forms endospores that can survive heat, desiccation, and chemical disinfectants.
5. It has been genetically engineered for various industrial applications including enzyme production and biopesticides.

Review Questions

Related terms

Endospore:

A resistant asexual spore that develops inside some bacteria cells.

Biofilm:

A complex aggregation of microorganisms marked by the excretion of a protective and adhesive matrix.

Antibiotic: A substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.