Babesiosis

Definition

Babesiosis is a parasitic infection of the red blood cells caused by protozoa of the genus Babesia, commonly transmitted through tick bites. It primarily affects the circulatory system and can result in hemolytic anemia.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Babesiosis is primarily transmitted by Ixodes scapularis ticks, which are also vectors for Lyme disease.
2. The most common species causing human babesiosis in the United States is Babesia microti.
3. Symptoms include fever, chills, sweats, fatigue, and hemolytic anemia; severe cases can be life-threatening.
4. Diagnosis often involves blood smear microscopy to identify parasites within red blood cells or PCR testing for Babesia DNA.
5. Treatment typically includes a combination of atovaquone and azithromycin or clindamycin and quinine.

Review Questions

• What vector transmits Babesia to humans?
• Which diagnostic methods are used to confirm babesiosis?
• Name two drug combinations that are commonly used to treat babesiosis.

Related terms

Hemolytic Anemia: A condition in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made.

Tick-borne Diseases: Infections transmitted by tick bites, including Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, and babesiosis.

Atovaquone:

An antimicrobial agent used to treat infections like babesiosis and malaria.