β-lactams

Definition

β-lactams are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that contain a β-lactam ring in their molecular structure. They work by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to cell death.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. β-lactams include penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems.
2. Their mechanism of action involves binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in bacteria.
3. They are primarily effective against Gram-positive bacteria but some have activity against Gram-negative bacteria as well.
4. Resistance can occur through the production of β-lactamase enzymes by bacteria, which break down the β-lactam ring.
5. β-lactams are often used to treat respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and gastrointestinal infections.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism by which β-lactams inhibit bacterial growth?
• Name two types of bacteria that β-lactams are most effective against.
• How do some bacteria develop resistance to β-lactam antibiotics?

Related terms

Penicillin:

A type of β-lactam antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming that is used to treat various bacterial infections.

Cephalosporin: A subclass of β-lactam antibiotics that are structurally related to penicillins and used for a wide range of infections.

β-Lactamase: An enzyme produced by certain bacteria that provides resistance by breaking down the β-lactam ring in antibiotics.