β-lactam

Definition

β-lactam is a class of antibiotics that contain a β-lactam ring in their molecular structure. They are effective against a wide range of bacteria and are commonly used to treat serious infections.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. β-lactam antibiotics include penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems.
2. They inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).
3. Some bacteria produce β-lactamases which can deactivate β-lactam antibiotics.
4. Clavulanic acid is often combined with β-lactams to inhibit β-lactamase enzymes.
5. These antibiotics are crucial in treating bacterial meningitis caused by pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism of action for β-lactam antibiotics?
• Name two types of bacteria that can be treated effectively with β-lactam antibiotics.
• How do some bacteria develop resistance to β-lactam antibiotics?

Related terms

Penicillin:

A type of β-lactam antibiotic used widely to treat various infections.

Cephalosporin: A subclass of β-lactam antibiotics known for their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.

β-Lactamase: An enzyme produced by certain bacteria that deactivates β-lactam antibiotics.