Aspartate aminotransferase

Definition

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found in various tissues, including the liver, heart, and muscles. It plays a crucial role in amino acid metabolism by transferring amino groups from aspartate to alpha-ketoglutarate.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Elevated levels of AST in the blood can indicate liver damage or disease, such as hepatitis.
2. AST is often measured alongside alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to diagnose and monitor liver conditions.
3. Viral infections of the gastrointestinal tract, such as hepatitis B and C, can lead to increased AST levels due to liver inflammation.
4. While AST is present in other organs, its elevation is particularly significant when assessing liver function.
5. The ratio of AST to ALT can help differentiate between various types of liver disease.

Review Questions

• What role does aspartate aminotransferase play in amino acid metabolism?
• Why are elevated AST levels clinically significant?
• How do viral infections of the gastrointestinal tract affect AST levels?

Related terms

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT): An enzyme similar to AST that helps diagnose liver disease.

Hepatitis:

Inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections.

Liver Function Tests (LFTs): A series of blood tests used to assess the health and function of the liver.