Apnea

Definition

Apnea is a temporary cessation of breathing, especially during sleep. It can be caused by various factors including infections that affect the nervous system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Apnea can result from bacterial infections that impair the brainstem's control over respiration.
2. Meningitis and encephalitis are examples of bacterial diseases that can lead to apnea.
3. Bacterial toxins such as those produced by Clostridium botulinum can disrupt normal respiratory function, causing apnea.
4. If untreated, apnea resulting from nervous system infections can lead to severe hypoxia and potential brain damage.
5. Diagnosis often involves monitoring respiratory patterns and may require interventions like mechanical ventilation in severe cases.

Review Questions

• What types of bacterial infections might lead to apnea?
• How does Clostridium botulinum cause apnea?
• Why is it crucial to diagnose and treat apnea promptly in patients with nervous system infections?

Related terms

Meningitis: Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, often due to infection.

Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain tissue itself, commonly caused by viruses or bacteria.

Hypoxia: A condition where there is insufficient oxygen reaching tissues, which can result from prolonged apnea.