Antibodies

Definition

Antibodies are specialized proteins produced by B cells that recognize and neutralize specific antigens. They play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response by identifying and binding to foreign pathogens.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Antibodies are also known as immunoglobulins (Ig).
2. There are five main classes of antibodies: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM.
3. Each antibody has a unique antigen-binding site that is highly specific to a particular antigen.
4. Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by a single clone of cells, whereas polyclonal antibodies are a mixture produced by different clones of B cells.
5. The primary function of antibodies is to neutralize pathogens, opsonize for phagocytosis, or activate the complement system.

Review Questions

• What are the main functions of antibodies in the immune response?
• How do monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies differ?
• Name the five classes of antibodies and their roles.

Related terms

Antigen: A molecule capable of inducing an immune response by being recognized by an antibody.

B Cells: A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies as part of the adaptive immune response.

Complement System: A group of proteins that enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism.