Microbiology

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Antibodies

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Microbiology

Definition

Antibodies are specialized proteins produced by B cells that recognize and neutralize specific antigens. They play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response by identifying and binding to foreign pathogens.

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5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Antibodies are also known as immunoglobulins (Ig).
  2. There are five main classes of antibodies: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM.
  3. Each antibody has a unique antigen-binding site that is highly specific to a particular antigen.
  4. Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by a single clone of cells, whereas polyclonal antibodies are a mixture produced by different clones of B cells.
  5. The primary function of antibodies is to neutralize pathogens, opsonize for phagocytosis, or activate the complement system.

Review Questions

  • What are the main functions of antibodies in the immune response?
  • How do monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies differ?
  • Name the five classes of antibodies and their roles.
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