Antibiotics

Definition

Antibiotics are chemical substances used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. They are a crucial tool in fighting bacterial infections in both humans and animals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Antibiotics target specific bacterial functions or structures, such as cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, and DNA replication.
2. Not all antibiotics are effective against all types of bacteria; they can be broad-spectrum (effective against a wide range of bacteria) or narrow-spectrum (targeting specific types).
3. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics contribute to antibiotic resistance, making some bacterial strains harder to treat.
4. Antibiotics do not work against viruses, as viruses have different biological mechanisms than bacteria.
5. Examples of antibiotics include penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of antibiotics?
• Why is antibiotic resistance a significant concern in medicine?
• Can antibiotics be used to treat viral infections? Why or why not?

Related terms

Bacteriostatic:

An agent that inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria without killing them.

Bactericidal:

An agent that kills bacteria outright.

Antiviral Drugs: Medications used specifically for treating viral infections by inhibiting the development or replication of viruses.