Anaphylactic shock

Definition

Anaphylactic shock is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs rapidly and affects the whole body. It results from an overreaction of the immune system to an allergen, leading to widespread inflammation and tissue damage.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Anaphylactic shock involves the release of large amounts of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils.
2. Common triggers include foods (such as peanuts), insect stings, medications, and latex.
3. Symptoms can include difficulty breathing, swelling, hives, hypotension, and gastrointestinal distress.
4. Immediate treatment typically involves administration of epinephrine (adrenaline).
5. Delayed or inadequate treatment can result in fatal outcomes due to respiratory or cardiovascular collapse.

Review Questions

• What are common symptoms indicating anaphylactic shock?
• Which cells are primarily responsible for releasing histamine during anaphylactic shock?
• What is the first-line treatment for someone experiencing anaphylactic shock?

Related terms

Histamine:

A compound released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions.

Mast Cells:

Cells found in connective tissue that release histamine and other substances during inflammatory and allergic reactions.

Epinephrine: A hormone also known as adrenaline; used medically to treat severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis.