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🦠microbiology review

Alpha toxin

Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025

Definition

Alpha toxin is a potent cytolytic toxin produced by certain bacterial species, notably Staphylococcus aureus. It forms pores in the membranes of host cells, leading to cell lysis and contributing to the bacterium's virulence.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Alpha toxin is primarily produced by Staphylococcus aureus.
  2. It functions by forming heptameric pores in the plasma membrane of host cells.
  3. Alpha toxin leads to cell lysis and tissue damage, aiding in bacterial infection spread.
  4. The gene encoding alpha toxin is known as hla (hemolysin alpha).
  5. Alpha toxin can affect various cell types including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and epithelial cells.

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