Alanine aminotransferase

Definition

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme primarily found in the liver that helps convert alanine into pyruvate, a key molecule in metabolism. Elevated ALT levels can indicate liver damage or inflammation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. ALT is commonly measured to assess liver function and diagnose liver diseases.
2. High levels of ALT in the blood can be caused by viral infections such as hepatitis.
3. ALT activity can be elevated due to conditions like cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, and certain medications.
4. The normal range for ALT levels varies but typically falls between 7-56 units per liter of serum.
5. ALT tests are often used in conjunction with other liver enzymes like AST (aspartate aminotransferase) for a more comprehensive assessment.

Review Questions

• What is the primary role of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the body?
• How can elevated ALT levels indicate issues within the gastrointestinal tract?
• Why are ALT tests often used alongside AST tests?

Related terms

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST): An enzyme similar to ALT that helps metabolize amino acids and is found in the heart and liver.

Hepatitis:

A viral infection that causes inflammation of the liver and can lead to increased levels of ALT.

Liver Function Tests (LFTs): A group of blood tests that help assess the health of your liver by measuring various enzymes including ALT.