Agarose gel electrophoresis

Definition

Agarose gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or proteins based on their size and charge. It involves applying an electric field to a gel matrix through which the molecules migrate.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Agarose concentration in the gel can affect the resolution of separation; higher concentrations are used for smaller fragments.
2. DNA migrates towards the positive electrode because it is negatively charged.
3. Ethidium bromide or other stains are often used to visualize DNA bands under UV light.
4. The distance migrated by a molecule is inversely proportional to its size; smaller molecules travel further.
5. Buffer systems like TAE or TBE are essential for maintaining pH and ionic strength during electrophoresis.

Review Questions

• What is the role of agarose in gel electrophoresis?
• Why do DNA fragments migrate towards the positive electrode?
• How can you visualize DNA after performing agarose gel electrophoresis?

Related terms

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE): A technique similar to agarose gel electrophoresis but uses polyacrylamide gels, typically for separating proteins or very small nucleic acids.

Southern Blotting:

A method that combines agarose gel electrophoresis with DNA transfer to a membrane for detection of specific sequences.

Restriction Enzymes: Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, often used before running samples on an agarose gel.