Actin tails

Definition

Actin tails are filamentous structures formed by the polymerization of actin at one pole of a pathogenic bacterium or virus, propelling it within and between host cells. They facilitate intracellular movement and cell-to-cell spread, thus contributing to virulence.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Actin tails are utilized by pathogens like Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri to move within host cells.
2. The formation of actin tails is initiated by bacterial proteins that mimic host cell signaling molecules.
3. Actin polymerization in tails is ATP-dependent and requires actin-related proteins from the host cell.
4. These structures help pathogens evade immune responses by allowing direct transfer between adjacent cells, bypassing extracellular spaces.
5. Actin tail formation can be observed using fluorescence microscopy techniques in laboratory settings.

Review Questions

Related terms

Listeria monocytogenes:

A Gram-positive bacterium that uses actin-based motility for intracellular movement.

Polymerization: A process where small molecules join together to form a large molecule, such as actin filaments forming an actin tail.

Virulence Factors:

Molecules produced by pathogens that enhance their ability to cause disease.