Actin
Definition
Actin is a globular protein that polymerizes to form long, thin filaments essential for various cellular functions, including movement and structural integrity. It is a key component of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- Actin filaments are dynamic structures that can rapidly assemble and disassemble, allowing cells to change shape and move.
- In muscle cells, actin interacts with myosin to facilitate contraction through a process known as the sliding filament theory.
- Actin plays a crucial role in cytokinesis by forming the contractile ring that separates dividing cells.
- The polymerization of actin is regulated by various proteins such as profilin and cofilin.
- Actin filaments provide structural support to cell membranes through their interaction with proteins like spectrin.
Review Questions
- What role does actin play in muscle cell contraction?
- How do actin filaments contribute to cell division?
- Name two proteins that regulate the polymerization of actin.
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Related terms
Myosin: A motor protein that interacts with actin filaments to produce movement.
Cytoskeleton: A network of protein fibers in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that provides structural support and facilitates cellular motion.
Profilin: A protein that binds to actin monomers and regulates their polymerization into filaments.
