Acetylcholine

Definition

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in muscle contraction and the transmission of nerve impulses. It is vital for communication between neurons and muscles, affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Acetylcholine is degraded by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which ensures proper muscle function by terminating the signal at the neuromuscular junction.
2. Some pathogenic bacteria produce toxins that interfere with acetylcholine release or function, such as Clostridium botulinum's botulinum toxin.
3. Viruses like Rabies can affect acetylcholine receptors leading to neurological symptoms and paralysis.
4. Acetylcholine receptors are classified into two main types: nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, both of which are targets for different microbial virulence factors.
5. Certain neurotoxins from pathogens can block acetylcholine receptors, leading to conditions like myasthenia gravis.

Review Questions

• What role does acetylcholine play in muscle contraction?
• How do some bacterial toxins affect acetylcholine function?
• What are the two main types of acetylcholine receptors?

Related terms

Acetylcholinesterase: An enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.

Botulinum Toxin:

A neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum that inhibits acetylcholine release.

Nicotinic Receptors: A type of acetylcholine receptor found at neuromuscular junctions and certain neural synapses.