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Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation

Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025

Definition

Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation is a biological process in which certain bacteria convert sugars into acetone, butanol, and ethanol. This process is often carried out by Clostridium species under anaerobic conditions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. ABE fermentation is primarily carried out by Clostridium acetobutylicum.
  2. The process produces solvents in the approximate ratio of 3 parts acetone, 6 parts butanol, and 1 part ethanol.
  3. ABE fermentation was historically significant during World War I for producing solvents used in explosives.
  4. Butanol produced via ABE fermentation can be used as a biofuel due to its higher energy content compared to ethanol.
  5. The process involves the initial production of acids (acetate and butyrate) which are later converted into solvents.

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