Saudi Arabia is a Middle Eastern country located on the Arabian Peninsula, known for its vast deserts and rich reserves of oil. It holds a significant place in the Islamic world as it is home to Mecca and Medina, two of the most sacred cities in Islam, making it a central hub for Islamic pilgrimage and culture.
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Saudi Arabia was established in 1932 by Ibn Saud, uniting various tribes and regions under one kingdom.
The country has one of the largest economies in the Middle East, largely due to its oil production, which accounts for about 90% of its revenue.
Saudi Arabia is governed by a monarchy, where the king also serves as the head of state and government, with significant power concentrated within the royal family.
The Kingdom is known for its strict interpretation of Islamic law, affecting social norms and regulations on issues such as gender roles and freedom of expression.
Saudi Arabia plays a critical role in global politics, especially concerning oil markets and regional stability, often acting as a key ally to Western nations.
Review Questions
How has Saudi Arabia's economy been shaped by its natural resources?
Saudi Arabia's economy is profoundly influenced by its vast oil reserves, which were discovered in the 1930s. The petroleum industry accounts for around 90% of government revenue and significantly contributes to the national GDP. This reliance on oil not only provides wealth but also shapes domestic policies, infrastructure development, and international relations, positioning Saudi Arabia as a crucial player in global energy markets.
Discuss the impact of Wahhabism on Saudi Arabian society and governance.
Wahhabism significantly impacts Saudi Arabian society by dictating much of its cultural practices and legal system. As an ultra-conservative interpretation of Sunni Islam, it informs laws regarding gender roles, public behavior, and religious practices. The government's alliance with Wahhabi clerics solidifies its legitimacy but also leads to strict regulations that can limit personal freedoms and promote intolerance toward other beliefs.
Evaluate the geopolitical role of Saudi Arabia in Middle Eastern politics and its relationships with other nations.
Saudi Arabia plays a pivotal geopolitical role in the Middle East due to its wealth from oil, its status as a major Islamic authority, and its strategic alliances with Western powers. The country's influence extends through its leadership in OPEC and its military capabilities. It also engages in regional conflicts to counter Iranian influence, striving to maintain stability within its borders while navigating complex relationships with neighboring countries and global powers. This delicate balancing act shapes not only Saudi policies but also impacts broader regional dynamics.
Related terms
Petroleum: A natural resource that is a major driver of Saudi Arabia's economy, as the country possesses some of the largest oil reserves in the world.
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, which Saudi Arabia is a leading member, plays a crucial role in regulating oil production and prices globally.
Wahhabism: An ultra-conservative branch of Sunni Islam that originated in Saudi Arabia and heavily influences the country's religious and political landscape.