Lisinopril

Definition

Lisinopril is an oral medication classified as an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. It works by relaxing blood vessels, which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow, thereby reducing the workload on the heart. This medication is essential in managing hypertension and preventing cardiovascular complications.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Lisinopril is commonly prescribed not only for hypertension but also for the management of heart failure and to improve survival after a heart attack.
2. It helps prevent kidney damage in patients with diabetes by lowering blood pressure and reducing proteinuria.
3. Lisinopril can cause side effects such as a persistent dry cough, elevated potassium levels, and low blood pressure, particularly upon initiation of therapy.
4. Patients taking lisinopril should be monitored for renal function, especially if they have pre-existing kidney issues or are taking other medications affecting the kidneys.
5. The medication is usually taken once daily due to its long half-life, making it convenient for patient adherence to treatment regimens.

Review Questions

• How does lisinopril function at a biochemical level to manage hypertension?
  • Lisinopril functions as an ACE inhibitor by blocking the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme, which decreases the formation of angiotensin II. This reduction leads to vasodilation, meaning the blood vessels relax and widen, resulting in lower blood pressure. Additionally, by decreasing aldosterone levels, it reduces sodium and water retention, further helping to control hypertension and ease the burden on the heart.
• Discuss the potential side effects of lisinopril and their implications for patient management.
  • The common side effects of lisinopril include a dry cough, elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia), and hypotension. These side effects require careful monitoring and management; for instance, if a patient develops a cough, alternative antihypertensive therapies may need to be considered. Regular monitoring of renal function is also important because ACE inhibitors can affect kidney health, especially in patients with pre-existing conditions.
• Evaluate the role of lisinopril in preventing cardiovascular events among hypertensive patients.
  • Lisinopril plays a crucial role in preventing cardiovascular events by effectively managing hypertension, which is a significant risk factor for heart disease. By lowering blood pressure and improving vascular function, it reduces the likelihood of complications such as stroke, heart attack, and heart failure. The drug's ability to improve outcomes post-myocardial infarction highlights its importance not only in managing existing conditions but also in preventing future cardiovascular incidents in at-risk populations.

Related terms

ACE Inhibitors: A class of drugs that inhibit the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme, leading to decreased production of angiotensin II, resulting in vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.

Hypertension:

A chronic medical condition where the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Angiotensin II: A potent vasoconstrictor that increases blood pressure by narrowing blood vessels and stimulating aldosterone secretion, promoting sodium and water retention.